Is the male disadvantage real? Cross-national variations in sex gaps in COVID-19 incidence and mortality
- 주제(키워드) COVID-19 , sex gap , gender inequalities , male disadvantages , incidence , mortality
- 주제(기타) Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
- 설명문(일반) [Kim, Heeun; Fox, Ashley M.] SUNY Albany, Publ Adm & Policy, Albany, NY 12222 USA; [Kim, Younhee] Penn State Univ Harrisburg, Sch Publ Affairs, Middletown, PA USA; [Kim, Ryung] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA; [Bae, Green] Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul, South Korea; [Kang, Minah] Ewha Womans Univ, Publ Adm, Seoul, South Korea
- 등재 SSCI, SCOPUS
- 발행기관 ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
- 발행년도 2021
- 총서유형 Journal
- URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ewha/000000183606
- 본문언어 영어
- Published As http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1981972
- PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34569902
초록/요약
Although the excess male mortality from COVID-19 is well-known, the variations in sex gaps in incidence and mortality across countries and the sources of such variations are not well understood. This study explored the patterns and the sources of variation in the sex gap in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates across 100 countries where sex-disaggregated cases and deaths were available as of September 2020. Our results show that there is generally a male disadvantage in both incidence and mortality; however, COVID-19 incidence exhibited a lower male disadvantage (1.2 times higher risk for males) than COVID-19 mortality (1.5 times higher risk for males). The extent of male disadvantages in COVID-19 outcomes across countries varied by societal gender inequalities and behavioural factors. Greater gender equality, both socially and behaviourally, was associated with more equal COVID-19 incidence and mortality between men and women. The findings imply that male disadvantages in COVID-19 outcomes, particularly incidence, are socially determined, whereas further investigation is needed to understand behavioural and biological elements yielding a male disadvantage in mortality.
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