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한국 대중음악의 해외진출 현황과 과제에 관한 연구 : 최근의 K-POP 열풍을 계기로

A Study on the Nature of Korean Pop Music and its Overseas Expansion : in Light of the World Fever over K-Pop as a Momentum

  • 정일서 (Jeong Il Seo, 성공회대학교)

초록/요약

국 문 초 록 본 논문은 2011년 하반기를 기점으로 아시아를 넘어 전 세계로 영향력을 확장하기 시작한 K-POP의 해외진출 현황을 객관적으로 살펴보고 그 지속가능성을 타진하는 한편, 향후 지속가능한 확장과 발전을 위해 주의할 점과 필요한 과제를 제시하는 데에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이를 위해 과거 영화와 드라마에서 시작되어 음악으로 이어져 온 한류, 한국 대중문화의 해외진출 양상을 시대별, 사례별로 정리하였으며 특히 음악 분야는 1920~30년대 일제강점기부터 현재에 이르기까지 다양한 사례를 시대별로 구체적으로 제시하였다. 현행 K-POP의 세계적인 강세가 상당히 강고하고 의미 있는 수준에서 형성되고 있음에도 불구하고 취약한 국내 대중음악계 환경과 K-POP의 장르적 획일성, 대형 기획사 위주의 협소한 흐름 등 긍정적인 전망을 위협하는 여러 한계점과 위협요소들이 상존하고 있는 것 또한 엄연한 현실이다. 본 연구는 그러한 요소들을 최대한 냉정하고 객관적인 관점에서 파악함으로써 강점은 계승하고 약점은 극복해 더 큰 발전을 이루기 위한 방안을 찾고자 노력하였다. 또한 아이돌 그룹 위주의 댄스 팝을 지칭하는 용어로 축소된 K-POP을 넘어 한국 대중음악 전반의 건강한 발전과 그를 토대로 한 해외진출이 필요하다는 것과, 원래의 ‘한류’가 갖는 ‘한국적인 것’이라는 의미를 상실한 지금의 K-POP 논의가 갖는 부정적인 측면을 지적해 산업적 차원이 아닌 문화적 차원에서 한국적인 것의 세계적인 전파와 나눔이 필요하다는 사실을 다시 한 번 확인하고 강조하고자 한다.

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초록/요약

ABSTRACT A Study on the Nature of Korean Pop Music and its Overseas Expansion : in Light of the World Fever over K-Pop as a Momentum Beginning in the later half of 2011, the popularity of K-Pop spread all over the world, beyond Asia. This study focuses on researching aspects of overseas expansion of K-Pop, sustainability of that, and suggesting sustainable extension and development. To achieve this, I presented aspects of Korean wave, namely overseas expansion of Korean popular culture which have come from movies and dramas to music, per period and case by case. Especially in the music field, I presented, in detail, various cases per intimate period from the 1920~30's Japanese colonial era up to now. Although global strength of K-Pop is very meaningful now, there are a lot of critical points and threatening elements, such as poor domestic market environment of popular music, limits in diversity in the K-Pop genre, and the market being dominated by only a few big entertainment management companies. This study is designed to come up with measures to emphasize strengths and weaknesses in the K-Pop music, furthermore to obtain means of larger development by unveiling and analyzing those factors as objectively as possible. This study punctuates the necessity of the development and international spread of Korean pop music, which encompasses more than just the dance music idol groups that currently monopolize K-Pop. This study also emphasizes that the Korean Wave should be understood and spread out to the world not only on the industrial level but also on a cultural level, overcoming the negative elements of the current K-Pop discourse.

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목차

차 례

제1장 서론 ······················································· 1
제1절 연구목적 ··················································· 1
제2절 연구방법 ··················································· 3

제2장 한류 흐름의 전반적 고찰 ································· 6
제1절 K-POP 이전, 한류의 시작과 과거 ······························6
1. 영화의 해외진출과 드라마 한류 ······························ · 6
2. K-POP ·······················································14
제2절 한국 대중음악의 해외진출 사례에 대한 시대별 고찰 ···········18
1. 식민지 시대(1930~40년대)와 저고리 시스터즈 ··················18
2. 김시스터즈와 1950~60년대의 미국진출 ·························20
3. 1970~80년대의 일본진출 ······································23
4. K-POP의 도약기 - 1990년대 이후의 새로운 양상 ················25
5. K-POP의 융성기 – 2011년 하반기 이후 ·························29

제3장 K-POP의 현황과 글로벌 시장 진출 사례 분석 ···········33
제1절 국내외 현황분석 ············································33
1. 국내 대중음악 시장 현황 ·····································33
2. 해외시장 진출의 필요성과 현황 ·······························41
제2절 K-POP의 글로벌 시장 진출 사례분석 ··························46
1. 보아 ························································46
2. 원더걸스 ····················································50
3. 싸이 ························································52

제4장 K-POP의 글로벌 시장 경쟁력 및 한계점 분석 ···········61

제1절 K-POP의 글로벌 시장 경쟁력 요인 ····························61
1. 콘텐츠의 경쟁력 – 생소함과 신선함 ···························61
2. 유튜브와 SNS 활성화로 인한 매체 환경적 요인의 변화 ··········64
3. 대형기획사들의 축적된 노하우 ································68
제2절 K-POP의 성장 한계 요인 ·····································71
1. 콘텐츠의 획일성 ·············································71
2. 열악한 국내 환경과 K-POP 수익구조의 취약성 ··················74
3. 지나친 산업적 접근과 혐한류 ·································78

제5장 결론 ·······················································82
제1절 연구결과 요약과 문제제기 ···································82
제2절 제언 ·······················································86
1. 국내 대중음악계의 체질 개선 ·································86
2. 국가와 언론, 공영방송의 책무 ································90

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