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조선사대부 공론정치의 현대 지식인적 함의

초록/요약

본 논문은 조선 사대부의 공론정치가 갖는 정치사상적 의미와 아울러 실천적 양상을 분석하고 이에 따라 현대 한국 지식인들이 지녀야 하는 실천적 함의를 찾고자 하는 목적을 갖고 있다. 현대사회는 서구적 의미의 근대화가 급속하게 진전되었지만 전통적인 가치로부터는 의식적으로 단절된 상황이다. 전통과의 단절은 중요한 정신적 자산을 포기하는 결과를 낳았다. 조선의 공론정치가 갖는 긍정적 의미를 발견하고 역사적 · 정치적으로 재평가하는 일은 과거뿐 아니라 현재적 과제이기도 하다. 왜냐하면 조선정치의 역동성은 현재 한국정치의 답보상태를 타개하기 위한 의미 있는 요소이자 실마리가 될 수 있기 때문이다. 공론정치의 긍정적 의미는 정치과정에서 발생할 수밖에 없는 갈등의 요소를 인정하고 정치발전의 원동력으로 삼았다는데 있다. 조선 공론정치를 돌아보는 것은 한국 민주주의의 발전과정에서도 여전히 문제가 되고 있는 갈등을 어떤 방식으로 관리하고 극복할 것인지 성찰할 수 있는 계기가 될 수 있다. 또한 이 과정에서 중요한 역할을 수행해야 하는 지식인에 대한 보다 면밀한 평가와 역할규정이 이루어져야 한다. 한국과 서구의 지식인론을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 현대 지식인들의 실천 방향을 찾아야 하며, 특히 대학을 넘어서는 전 사회적 실천이 요구된다. 그것은 비판과 해석을 넘어서는 보다 적극적인 참여이다.

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목차

Ⅰ. 서론·····························································································1
1. 연구의 목적···········································································1
2. 연구대상과 방법······································································5
3. 선행연구 검토········································································7

Ⅱ. 조선 공론정치의 전개와 특질··························································13
1. 성리학적 세계인식과 공론정치···················································13
2. 공론정치의 변형들··································································21
3. 비판과 저항 전통의 형성··························································27
4. 사대부의 양가성(兩價性)··························································35

Ⅲ. 한국사회의 지식인과 사대부 전통·····················································39
1. 현대 한국사회의 특징······························································39
2. 한국사회와 지식인 : 사대부와 지식인의 조우··································47
3. 조선의 사대부와 현대 한국의 지식인 : 단절? 계승?··························57

Ⅳ. 한국사회에서 지식인의 역할····························································65
1. 남길 것과 버릴 것··································································65
2. 지식인의 새로운 역할······························································80

Ⅴ. 결론···························································································87

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