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Social barriers to primary health care of the Deaf in the Philippines

초록/요약

The medical model of disability has been strongly influential in the prevailing perception of disability. In this model, disability is attributed to the limitations and inabilities of the body. Thus, the problem as well as the solution is placed on the individual. However, in the recent decades, a new model on viewing disability emerged, the social model of disability. This model seeks to focus on the social barriers that cause disabled people’s exclusion in society. One of the areas by which disabled people face exclusion is health care. The Philippines has enough laws intended for the disability sector. Within this sector, the Deaf people’s exclusion in health care sector still remains to be a challenge. As the social model of disability emphasizes, this exclusion is caused by the social barriers that prevent participation or inclusion. In order to promote inclusion in primary health care information and services of the Deaf in the Philippines, it is important to explore these barriers. This study seeks to explore on these barriers. Different methods were used such as review of literature on theories in disability, deafness and healthcare, as well as local and international agreements and laws, referencing of news articles and videos, and conducting interviews with people working with the Deaf. The author’s observation in the health care and disability field were also enumerated. Swain’s SEAwall model of institutionalized discrimination was used as a framework for exploring the barriers to primary health care of the Deaf in the Philippines. This model has three main classification of barriers; structural, environmental, and attitudinal. The study revealed that structural barriers exist mainly in the lack of political representation of disabled people and political participation. Specifically for the Deaf, the pending status of the Filipino Sign Language Act of 2012 also plays a crucial role in exclusion. For the environmental barriers, it showed limitations in access for health care insurance. The use of disablist language, and the lack of interpreters, has also discouraged the Deaf from participating in health care. Lastly, the attitudinal barriers revealed the presence of prejudice against disabled people, causing frustration and lack of trust to health care professionals. Using Swain’s SEAwall model of institutionalized discrimination as a framework, the results of this study are aimed to improve the current laws, policies, environment and attitudes in order to promote inclusion of the Deaf in primary health care in the Philippines.

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목차

Abstract ii
List of Acronyms 2
Acknowledgment 3

Chapter 1 5
I. Introduction 5
II. Purpose and significance of the study 7
III. Research methodology, scope, and limitations 10

Chapter 2 13
IV. Disability and its models 13
Models of disability 13
A. Medical model of disability 13
B. Social model of disability 15
SEAwall model of institutionalized discrimination 18

Chapter 3 21
V. Deaf: status and exclusion in primary health care in the Philippines 21
Conceptualizing the “Deaf” 21
Status of Deaf in the Philippines 23
Exclusion in primary health care 24

Chapter 4 28
VI. Barriers to primary health care information and services of the Deaf 28
A. Structural 28
B. Environmental 44
C. Attitudinal 49

Chapter 5 51
VII. Conclusion 51

Bibliography 55

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