Local toxicity of biocides after direct and aerosol exposure on the human skin epidermis and airway tissue models
- 주제(키워드) 3D reconstructed model , Aerosol , Biocides , KeraSkin™ , Reconstructed human airway mucosa , Reconstructed human epidermis , SoluAirway™
- 등재 SCIE, SCOPUS
- 발행기관 MDPI AG
- 발행년도 2021
- 총서유형 Journal
- URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ewha/000000175727
- 본문언어 영어
- Published As http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020029
- 저작권 이화여자대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
Biocides are commonly used as spray-or trigger-type formulations, thus dermal and respiratory exposure to biocide aerosol is unavoidable. However, little is known about the impact of aerosolization on the local toxicity of biocides on the skin or the airway. We compared the local toxicity of biocides after direct or aerosol exposure on reconstructed human skin epidermis and upper airway models. Three biocides, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), and 2-phenylphenol (OPP), most widely used in the market were selected. When the biocide was treated in aerosols, toxicity to the skin epidermis and upper airway tissue became significantly attenuated compared with the direct application as determined by the higher tissue viabilities. This was further confirmed in histological examination, wherein the tissue damages were less pronounced. LC-MS/MS and GC/MS analysis revealed that concentrations of biocides decreased during aerosolization. Importantly, the toxicity of biocides treated in 3 µm (median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)) aerosols was stronger than that of 5 µm aerosol, suggesting that the aerosol particle size may affect biocide toxicity. Collectively, we demonstrated that aerosolization could affect the local toxicity of biocides on the skin epidermis and the upper airway. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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