Particulate Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Seoul and Their Major Sources: Primary Emission versus Secondary Formation
- 주제(키워드) organic nitrogenous compounds , amines , secondary organic aerosol , orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) , atmospheric reactions , primary emission , kinetics
- 주제(기타) Engineering, Environmental
- 주제(기타) Environmental Sciences
- 설명문(일반) [Choi, Na Rae; Lee, Ji Yi] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 03760, South Korea; [Ahn, Yun Gyong] Korea Basic Sci Inst, Western Seoul Ctr, Seoul 03759, South Korea; [Kim, Eunhye; Kim, Soontae] Ajou Univ, Dept Environm & Safety Engn, Suwon 16499, Gyeung Gi, South Korea; [Park, Seung Myung; Song, In Ho; Shin, Hye Jung] Natl Inst Environm Res Korea, Dept Air Qual Res, Incheon 22689, South Korea; [Kim, Yong Pyo] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Grad Program Syst Hlth Sci & Engn, Seoul 003760, South Korea
- 관리정보기술 faculty
- 등재 SCIE, SCOPUS
- 발행기관 AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- 발행년도 2021
- URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ewha/000000182188
- 본문언어 영어
- Published As http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01503
초록/요약
Seven nitrosamines and three nitramines in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) collected in 2018 in Seoul, South Korea, were quantified. Annual mean concentrations of the sum of nitrosamines and nitramines were 9.81 +/- 18.51 and 1.12 +/- 0.70 ng/m(3), respectively, and nitrosodi-methylamine (NDMA) and dimethyl-nitramine (DMN) comprised the largest portion of nitrosamines and nitramines, respectively. Statistical analyses such as nonparametric correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization, analysis of covariance, and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were carried out to identify contribution of the atmospheric reactions in producing NDMA and DMN. In addition, kinetic calculation using reaction information obtained from the previous chamber studies was performed to estimate concentrations of NDMA and DMN that might be produced from the atmospheric reactions. It was concluded that (1) the atmospheric reactions contributed to the concentrations of NDMA more than they did for those of DMN, (2) the contribution of atmospheric reactions to the concentrations of NDMA and DMN was significant due to high NO(2 )concentrations in winter, and (3) primary emissions predominantly affected the ambient concentrations of NDMA and DMN in spring, summer, and autumn.
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