从 “控制” 到 “支持”:中国生育政策变迁与执行变化
From ‘Control’ to ‘Support’: Evolution and Implementation Changes in China's Fertility Policy
- 주제(키워드) 中国 , 生育政策 , 计划生育 , 生育支持 , China , Fertility Policy , Family Planning , Fertility Support
- 주제(기타) 중국
- 설명문(URI) https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003044151
- 등재 KCI등재
- 발행기관 현대중국학회
- 발행년도 2023
- URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ewha/000000239386
- 본문언어 중국어
초록/요약
As a pivotal component of China's national strategy, the country's reproductive policy plays a paramount role in the demographic transition and socio-economic development. The protracted implementation of the family planning policy facilitated a swift transition towards a demographic scenario characterized by low birth rates, low mortality rates, and subdued natural population growth. However, it also precipitated challenges such as diminished fertility rates and an aging population. Presently, with the liberalization of the “three-child policy”, China's reproductive strategy has undergone a transformation from “control” to “support”. This article, tracing the historical continuum, retrospects China's reproductive policies from the founding of the nation in 1949 to the present. Focusing particularly on three facets of the policy implementation mechanism—policy objectives, organizational management, and the executional content and means—it conducts an in-depth analysis of the policy implementation during the era of family planning. Simultaneously, it delves into the current state of China's reproductive support system. The article contends that, in tandem with shifts in demographic dynamics and population policies, there is a substantive transformation in China's reproductive policy execution paradigm. From the standpoint of policy objectives, the current population strategy has shifted towards addressing the challenges posed by low fertility. Concerning organizational structure, the traditional top-down management model persists, yet local governments now wield enhanced leadership authority. In terms of executional content and means, erstwhile constraints from the family planning era have been dismantled, although the nascent reproductive support system is still under construction, necessitating the design and establishment of institutional frameworks.
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